The materials industry is the basic industry of the national economy, and new materials are the precursor of the development of the materials industry. Graphene, carbon nanotubes, amorphous alloys, foam metals, ionic liquids ......20 new materials, bringing unlimited opportunities for the development of the materials industry.
Today, the rapid development of the scientific and technological revolution, new material products are changing day by day, industrial upgrading, materials to accelerate the pace of replacement. New materials technology and nanotechnology, biotechnology, information technology integration, structural-functional integration, functional material intelligence trend is obvious, the material of low-carbon, green, renewable cycle and other environmentally friendly characteristics are doubly concerned. This article synthesizes the research progress of some well-known research institutions and companies, technology media commentary and industry hot research to select the top 20 new materials, the following are the details of the relevant materials (in no particular order).
1. Graphene
Breakthrough: extraordinary electrical conductivity, extremely low resistivity and extremely fast electron migration rate, strength beyond steel tens of times and excellent light transmission.
Development trend: 2010 Nobel Prize in physics created in recent years the technology and capital market graphene hot, the next five years will be in the photoelectric display, semiconductor, touch screen, electronic devices, energy storage batteries, displays, sensors, semiconductor, aerospace, military, composite materials, biomedical and other fields will be explosive growth.
2. Aerogel
Breakthrough: High porosity, low density and light weight, low thermal conductivity, excellent thermal insulation properties.
Development trend: highly promising new material with great potential in the field of energy saving and environmental protection, heat insulation electronic and electrical appliances, construction, etc.
3. Carbon nanotubes
Breakthrough: high electrical conductivity, high thermal conductivity, high modulus of elasticity, high tensile strength, etc.
Development trends: electrodes for functional devices, catalyst carriers, sensors, etc.
4. Fullerene
Breakthrough: with linear and nonlinear optical properties, alkali metal fullerene superconductivity, etc.
Development trend: It has important future prospects in life science, medicine, astrophysics, etc. It is expected to be used in optoelectronic devices such as optical converters, signal conversion and data storage.
5. Amorphous alloys
Breakthrough: High toughness, excellent magnetic conductivity and low magnetic loss, excellent liquid fluidity.
Development trend: in high-frequency low-loss transformers, structural parts for mobile terminal equipment, etc.
6. Foam metal
Breakthrough: light weight, low density, high porosity and large specific surface area.
Development trend: with electrical conductivity, it can replace inorganic non-metallic materials that cannot conduct electricity in application areas; has great potential in the field of sound insulation and noise reduction.
7. ionic liquid
Breakthrough: High thermal stability, wide liquid temperature range, adjustable acidity and alkalinity, polarity, and coordination ability.
Development trend: Broad application prospect in green chemical field, as well as biological and catalytic fields.
8. Nanocellulose
Breakthroughs: good biocompatibility, water holding capacity, wide range of pH stability; nano-reticulation structure, and high mechanical properties, etc.
Development trend: great prospect in biomedicine, enhancer, paper industry, purification, conductive and inorganic composite food, industrial magnetic compound.
9. nanodot chalcogenide
Breakthrough: nanodot chalcogenide has giant magnetoresistance, high ionic conductivity, catalytic effect on oxygen precipitation and reduction, etc.
Development trend: It has great potential in the future in the fields of catalysis, storage, sensors, light absorption, etc.
10. 3D printing materials
Breakthrough: Changing the processing method of traditional industry, enabling rapid molding of complex structures, etc.
Development trend: revolutionary molding method with great prospect in the field of complex structure molding and rapid processing molding.
11. Flexible glass
Breakthrough: change the traditional glass rigid, fragile characteristics, to achieve the flexible revolutionary innovation of glass.
Development trend: future flexible display, foldable device field, great prospects
12. Self-assembly (self-healing) materials
Breakthrough: Self-assembly of material molecules, "intelligence" of material itself, change of previous material preparation methods, and spontaneous formation of certain shapes and structures of materials.
Development trend: change the traditional material preparation and material repair methods, the future in molecular devices, surface engineering, nanotechnology and other fields have great prospects.
13. Biodegradable bioplastics
Breakthrough: Naturally degradable, raw materials from renewable resources, changing the dependence of traditional plastics on fossil resources such as oil, natural gas and coal, reducing environmental pollution.
Development trend: future replacement of traditional plastics, with great prospects.
